فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 75، تابستان 1400)

The release of covid-19 has created a global health emergency in less than a few months around the world. The aim of this study was to predict Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) based on perceived anxiety caused by coronavirus in nurses of a hospital in Quchan city, Iran in 2020.

In this descriptive correlational study, 100 nurses of a hospital in Quchan city were selected by convenience sampling method, and then Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and PTSD CheckList (Civilian Version) (PCL-C) were responded by them. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression analysis.

The results showed that anxiety caused by Covid-19 was able to predict PTSD in nurses (p<0.001). The highest values for predicting of PTSD in nurses were related to physical symptoms and psychological symptoms, respectively.

The coronavirus anxiety reduction techniques are recommended for nurses to reduce PTSD.

PPARγ is one of the proteins that plays a very important role in regulating adipose tissue metabolism under physiological and metabolic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three aerobic exercise methods of HIIT, HIT and MIT on the PPARγ2 gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups, including control, moderate intensity training (MIT), high intensity training (HIT), and high intensity interval training (HIIT). Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and a subcutaneous adipose tissue sample was extracted from the rats and examined for PPARγ2 gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

All three aerobic exercise methods increased the expression of PPARγ2 genes compared to the control group (p=0.001), however, there was no significant difference among training groups in PPARγ2 changes.

Three aerobic exercise methods of HIIT, HIT, and MIT increased the PPARγ2 gene expression, and this increase was greater in the HIT group than the other exercise groups. It seems the increase of the PPARγ2 gene expression is dependent on the duration of exercise.

Exercise can have a mutual effect on immune system function. Immunoglobulin levels fluctuate greatly during periods of stress, which are associated with elevated cortisol levels. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of one and two bouts of selected training per day on IgA and cortisol serum levels in soccer players.

Sixteen nonprofessional soccer players were randomly assigned to endurance and resistance exercise groups. First, the subjects performed single bout of exercise per day, then after a week of rest, they conducted two bouts of exercise per day. Blood samples were taken at four stages before and after exercise to measure the serum concentrations of IgA and cortisol.

IgA concentration increased non-significantly after a single bout of exercise, but it decreased after two bouts of exercise in both groups. This reduction was significant in the endurance group than the pretest (p<0.001). Cortisol concentration was almost unchanged after the single bout of exercise, but it increased after two bouts of exercise in both groups. These increases were significant in the endurance group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the changes in serum cortisol and IgA.

Doing more than one session of exercise per day, especially endurance activities, can possibly lead to decreased immune system function and increased catabolic status.

Burnout is one of the most important unavoidable consequences of work stress that causes physical fatigue, changes in job behavior and performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-healing training on job burnout, quality of life, and emotional resilience of Isfahan's social emergency personnel.

The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all social emergency personnel in Isfahan city. Using the stratified random sampling method, 36 personnel were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (n=18) of experimental and control. The subjects in the experimental group received 14 sessions of 90 minutes of self-healing training. The burnout questionnaire, the WHO quality of life questionnaire, and the emotional flexibility questionnaire were used to collect data in three stages. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used.

Findings showed that self-healing training is effective in reducing burnout, improving quality of life, and emotional resilience of social emergency personnel (p<0.05); So that it affected on all dimensions of burnout, two dimensions of the quality of life (physical and mental health), and all dimensions of emotional flexibility.

The self-healing training can be used in stressful work environments to increase tranquility and mental health.

The existence of disruptive behaviors in medical centers is a long term problem that has very negative consequences for nurses, organizations, and patients. Since the disruptive behaviors are a complex, multi-dimensional, interactive, and social phenomenon, and they are depended on the culture and religion of each community; therefore, this study aimed to explore perceptions of nurses on disruptive behaviors in the Iranian medical centers.

This qualitative study was conducted with the participation of 15 nurses working in six military hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2016. The targeted sampling method was used during semi-structured interviews to collect data. Data analysis was performed by contractual content analysis and was conducted continuously and simultaneously with the data collection.

Two main categories and five subcategories were recognized, including: 1) domination in nursing (bullying and violence, abuse of power); and 2) subordination in nursing (lack of power over physicians, silence and passive compromise, hatred of organization and reduced self-confidence).

One of the most important reasons for nurses’ disruptive behaviors is the phenomenon of oppression, dominance subordination in nursing, and power hierarchy in Iranian medical centers. Therefore, in order to solve this problem and improve professional behaviors, the concept of empowering nurses to deal with dominance subordination in nursing should be emphasized.

Gastric cancer is a major public health issue as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce DNA damage and this process plays an important role in gastric cancer development and progression. OGG1 is an essential component of the base excision repair pathway  that is required for the removal of oxidized guanine nucleotides from DNA exposed to ROS. This study aimed to compare the expression of the OGG1 gene in cancerous and healthy tissues of gastric cancer.

Fifty pairs of tumors and adjacent normal tissues were collected from gastric cancer patients. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized. The relative gene expression of OGG1 was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A data mining study was also performed to determine the prognostic role of OGG1 expression in the overall survival of gastric cancer patients.

OGG1 gene expression was significantly increased in patients' tumor samples compared to normal adjacent tissue samples. In addition, the expression of OGG1 in patients with early stages of gastric cancer was significantly higher than those with advanced stages. Also, a negative correlation was observed between the high expression of OGG1 and the overall survival rate.

It can be concluded that the expression of OGG1 increases in the early stages of gastric cancer, which could be related to the increase in oxidative damage to DNA.

The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is one of the treatment methods to treat many diseases and injuries such as decompression sickness, wound healing, carbon monoxide poisoning, thermal burns, and nervous system injuries. This article aims to review the possible mechanisms of the effectiveness of this treatment in neurological injuries according to the available studies.

This review article has been performed by searching in international databases between 2000 and 2018 with keywords such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, nerve injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, emphasizing mechanisms of neuroprotection induced by the hyperbaric oxygen.

The beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen can be related to several biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects. However, the mechanisms responsible for it have not been fully identified yet, and require further investigation.

Since neurological defects caused by injury to the nervous system are probably due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, it seems that hyperbaric oxygen can be considered as an effective treatment for nerve injuries.

Euthanasia is used to define ending an animal's life in a way that results in rapid anesthesia and death without pain or distress. One of the most common methods of performing euthanasia in rats is the administration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim of this study was to review the available practical guidelines for inducing euthanasia in rats by administrating CO2.

This review study was conducted by searching in international databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using Euthanasia, CO2, and Rats as keywords.

Euthanasia of rat using CO2 is a relatively simple, common, rapid, practical and economical method and does not require advanced apparatus or very expert personnel. For doing euthanasia, parameters including the method of CO2 administration, characteristics of CO2 chamber, concentration and flow rate of CO2 administration, duration of euthanasia, euthanasia approval, and disposal of animal carcasses after euthanasia should be considered.

According to the overview of the available practical guidelines, a CO2 flow rate of 5.6 L/min is recommended for a standard cage (height, width, and length, 25.4, 22.86, and 48.26 cm, respectively) with a volume of 28 L, which is suitable for two rats. This CO2 flow should be maintained for 2-5 minutes to induce anesthesia and death and should be continued for at least one minute after observing death signs including lack of respiration and faded eye color.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is known as one of the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between blood levels of thyroid hormones in euthyroid individuals and the prevalence as well as severity of CAD.

Individuals who underwent coronary angiography were divided into four groups based on their report: 1) normal coronary arteries (NCA); 2) obstruction in one of the arteries; 3) 2‐vessel coronary artery disease (2VD); and 4) 3‐vessel coronary artery disease (3VD). The relationship between CAD and blood levels of thyroid hormones was investigated using the multivariate regression analysis.

In this study, 528 individuals (mean age 54.5±0.7 years) participated; 68% of them were under the age of 65 years. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) serum level was inversely associated with the presence of 2VD in females [OR=0.325; 95%CI:(0.187-0.702)] and in individuals under the age of 65 years [OR=0.401; 95%CI:(0.184-0.601)]. In addaition, there was no significant association between TSH level and 2VD. FT3 was inversely related to 3VD in females and patients under the age of 65 years. Unlike the other groups, the 3VD group had higher serum levels of TSH compared to the NCA group, and therefore the serum TSH level was directly related to of 3VD in patients under the age of 65 years.

Blood levels of thyroid hormone in euthyroid patients are associated with the occurrence of multi-vessel CAD, which indicates that thyroid hormones are only associated with severe CAD.

One of the most common congenital spinal defects is sacralization and its correct and early diagnosis as an underlying factor will play an important role in the treatment and control of spinal disorders. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence of sacralization in MRI of patients referred to Ali IbneAbitaleb Hospital in Zahedan city, Iran.

In this prospective descriptive study, patients with low back pain referred to Ali IbneAbitalebHospital in Zahedan city in 2019 who underwent lumbosacral MRI were included. Data were collected using information form. Patients’ MRI was reviewed by a radiologist and the required information was extracted. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Totally, 500 patients including 189 men (37.8%) and 311 women (62.2%) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 41.0±13.7 years. In this study, sacralization was observed on MRI of 39 patients (7.8%), which was 9% in men and 7.1% in women. There was no significant difference between male and female in prevalence of sacralization.

. Prevalence studies of the general population and  comparative studies with symptomatic patients is recomended.